1、Most students like pop music while it has little ________ for me.
A. interest B. appeal C. fun D. affect
2、_____in the sports world，a sportsman needs to train constantly to keep himself in best condition．
A． Survive B． Surviving
C． To survive D． Survived
3、A large number of young women, unconscious that they are at risk, live in _____ UNAIDS calls “challenging environments”, with insufficient access to food and education.
A.where B.what C.why D.how
4、—Are you going to invite Jack to our party?
—No, but he’s welcome to come along, ______ that he behaves himself.
A. concerning B. considering C. regarding D. providing
5、----Shall we go and help them with their work?
----We’d better not. They said we’d just be ______ if we tried to help.
A. in a way B. by the way
C. on the way D. in the way
6、A strange girl entered the room and told me a story of her own, _____ I suspected the truth．
A．that B．which C．of which D．at which
7、 the Internet has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
A.Since B.After C.While D.Unless
8、His study is in______: his house keeper has long since given up trying to put his papers in order.
A.trouble B.danger C.collision D.chaos
9、Many great artists were not famous in their own time, and people only started to them many years later.
A. remind B. appreciate C. inspire D. assist
10、The fireman couldn't________what the dark thing was through the heavy smoke.
A．make out
B．give out
C．put out
D．set out
11、We live in this society now __________ actually someone is always helping.
A.when B.where C.that D.what
12、Tony couldn’t remember ________ he had turned off the computer before he left the office.
A．that B．where C．when D．whether
13、My uncle has a large greenhouse in his garden he grows vegetables in winter
A． which B． where C． when D． whose
14、----There won’t be anywhere to park.
----Oh, _______. Let’s try the subway.
A. that’s a real bargain B. that’s a good point
C. that’s really something D. that’s all settled
15、To everybody’s surprise, the fashionable young lady _________to be a thief.
A.found out B.proved out C.put out D.turned out
16、Twins may look ________ the same, but are quite different in personality.
A．closely
B．exactly
C．clearly
D．mainly
17、Please do me a favor — _______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.
A. to invite B. inviting
C. invite D. invited
18、That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is ________ many office workers spend their weekends.
A. what B. how
C. where D. why
19、It wasn’t long______ they felt at home with each other and shared almost everything.
A．before
B．since
C．after
D．until
20、The final score of the basketball match was 96-97. We were only _____ beaten.
A. tightly B. slightly C. narrowly D. roughly
21、Ocean animals have been getting bigger over the last half-billion years. Not a little bigger. Not even a lot bigger. They have mushroomed gigantically, scientists now conclude.
Their new finding lends support for something known as “Cope’s rule.” It holds that animals tend to evolve into species that are much larger than their distant ancestors. This hypothesis(假说)takes its name from the 19th century paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope. While studying fossils(化石), he was the first to notice this trend.
Noel Heim is a paleontologist at Stanford University in Palo Alto, Calif. He also is a co-author of the new study. His team compared the body size of animals between the Cambrian Period and modern times. This was a span of 542 million years. The animals studied included species from more than 17,000 genera. They ranged from ancient trilobites, plesiosaurs (extinct reptiles with a long neck and flippers) and many less familiar creatures to today’s whales and clams.
Ocean animals today are an average of 150 times larger than they were during the Cambrian, Heim’s group reports. The smallest animals alive today — tiny crustaceans called ostracods — are only about one-tenth the size of the Cambrian’s tiniest animals. But today’s largest ocean animals — whales — are more than 100,000 times bigger than the biggest in the Cambrian.
“Classes of animals that were already big … tended to live longer,” Heim says. They also tended to change more than classes of animals that were small did.
The size gains in ocean animals are much larger than would be expected by chance, says Jonathan Payne. He’s a co-author who also works at Stanford.
The scientists don’t know what drives the trend. One possibility is an arms race(军备竞赛)between predators and prey. The idea here is that larger animals are less likely to become some other animals’ meal. Another possibility has to do with oxygen. Land animals evolved from species that started in the ocean. Some of these land animals eventually returned to the ocean. And they kept the ability to breathe oxygen-rich air. That may have made it easier for them to outgrow animals that had to filter(过滤)their oxygen out of the water.
【1】What current animals may best illustrate “mushroomed” in paragraph one?
A. Plesiosaurs. B. Ostracods.
C. Whales. D. African Elephants.
【2】What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The result of the study.
B. The participants of the study.
C. The significance of the study.
D. The targeted animals of the study.
【3】The ocean animals’ change in size ______.
A. is determined by environment
B. cannot be predicted by any factor
C. is fully explained by the new study
D. relates to the size of their ancestors
【4】In the last paragraph, the explanations for the trend suggest that ______.
A. bigger animals will never be eaten
B. land animal can get oxygen more easily
C. oxygen is important to all ocean animals
D. land animals can grow bigger than ocean animals
22、Aspirin was discovered in 1897,and an explanation of how it works followed in 1995. That, in turn, has encouraged some research leads on making better pain relievers through something other than trial and error. This kind of discovery—answers first, explanations later—is called “intellectual debt”. We gain understanding of what works without knowing why it works. We can put that understanding to use immediately, and then tell ourselves we'll figure out the details later Sometimes we pay off the debt quickly; sometimes, as with aspirin, it takes a century; and sometimes we never pay it off at all:
In the Age of Intelligence,while machine learning presents lots of problems and gets things wrong,at least we know enough to be wary of the predictions produced by the system and to argue that they shouldn't be blindly followed:but if a system performs perfectly (and we don't know why), then we come to rely on it and forget about it and suffer consequences when it goes wrong.
It's the difference between knowing your car has faulty brakes and not knowing:both are bad,but if you know there is a problem with your brakes, you can increase your following distance,drive slowly and get to a mechanic as soon as possible. If you don't know, you're likely to find out the hard way,at 80mph on the highway when the car in front of you came to a sudden stop and your brakes give out.
We don't have much by way of solutions. Most important, we shouldn't trick ourselves into thinking that machine learning alone is all that matters. Indeed, without life value machine learning may not be meaningful answers at all.
【1】What is the purpose of mentioning aspirin in the first paragraph?
A．To present the research process of aspirin.
B．To introduce a similar situation machine learning faces.
C．To show the difficulty in explaining how aspirin works.
D．To prove we can use something even when we don't understand.
【2】How does the writer prove that it's potentially worse if a system performs perfectly?
A．By giving a definition.
B．By making comparison.
C．By doing an experiment.
D．By telling a story.
【3】Which of the following statements is the writer likely to agree with?
A．It's impossible to pay off Intellectual debt.
B．It's wise not to rely on machine learning.
C．It makes sense to prepare for danger in times of safety.
D．It's OK as long as a system works well.
23、
The return of sea otters to Southeast Alaska over the past 50 years, a project funded by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, has been a conservation success story. Erin Foster, a Nearshore Ecology PhD from Hakai Institute, suggests that sea otter restoration can enhance the genetic diversity of their habitat.
Sea otters reside in coastal habitats, including eelgrass fields, where they feed on rock crabs, often creating foraging pits (觅食坑) in the eelgrass. Foster looked at the impact of this activity on eelgrass genetic diversity by comparing eelgrass ecosystems with no otters (pre-disturbance) to those where otters had been reintroduced (post-disturbance). It was found that genetic diversity was higher in the areas with otters. Foster argues that genetic richness is of central importance here because it is crucial to resilience (恢复力) and the evolution of clonal organisms. Why? The primary mode of expansion for eelgrass is clonal growth, but sea otter digging stimulates sexual reproduction in the flowering plant and opens up areas for the seeds to settle.
Even though disturbance enhances the diversity and dynamics of many of the world’s ecosystems, its influence on genetic diversity remains poorly appreciated. The amount of disturbance that was observed in the eelgrass fields was relatively low: about 5% of the seafloor had foraging pits, although the pits last only for a short time, and visual observations likely underestimate the amount of activity. The disturbance theory, presented in 1978 on the basis of evidence from tropical forests and coral reefs, is well known to ecologists. Early studies showed that disturbance could increase species diversity, but researches on the effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively rare.
The role of sea otters in eelgrass fields provides insights into how genetic diversity can change when species interactions are lost—and how these patterns can be restored. Without sea otters, genetic diversity appears to decline; when they return, so does diversity. Sea otters were extirpated from much of their range during intense commercial harvests in the 18th and 19th centuries. As their range expanded in the 1960s and 1970s after the disturbance, and their habitats became better understood, sea otters became symbolic species in ecology.
The role of sea otters in biogeochemical processes such as the carbon cycle has gained attention in recent years. During the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), more attention should be paid to rebuilding animal populations and the key ecological functions they provide.
【1】We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．eelgrass ecosystems are established by sea otters
B．eelgrass expands through clonal growth due to sea otters
C．the return of sea otters can increase genetic diversity of eelgrass
D．eelgrass plays a more important role in the ecosystem than sea otters
【2】What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A．The ecological disturbance theory lacks basic proof.
B．The previous researches on disturbance are insufficient.
C．The necessity of the research on disturbance is doubted.
D．The effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively small.
【3】What does the underlined word “extirpated” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Removed.
B．Restored.
C．Reproduced.
D．Relocated.
【4】Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Ecological Function of Eelgrass Fields
B．The Commitment to Ecological Conservation
C．The Strategy for Increasing Sea Otter Population
D．The Benefit of Disturbance on Genetic Diversity
24、Now, Earth Day is celebrated around the world. We still face many challenges, such as climate change, plastic pollution, and deforestation. But we can all make a difference.
Her Trees Save Lives
Adeline Tiffanie Suwana was 12 when her family’s home flooded. Indonesia, her island nation, is often hit hard by floods and other natural disasters.
Adeline learned that mangrove trees play a key role in flood protection and rallied classmates to plant 200 trees during a school break. They started a group called Sahabat Alam or Friends of Nature, which works to conserve the region’s biodiversity and combat climate change.
Today. Adeline attends university, studying how businesses can help the environment.
Teens’ Two-Fold Invention
EPS—expanded polystyrene foam—is the white, lightweight stuff used to make things like takeout food containers, foam egg cartons, and packing “peanuts”. But it takes up a lot of space and is difficult to recycle. EPS breaks into small pieces as it floats down waterways into oceans, harming wildlife along the way.
Eighth-graders Julia Bray, Luke Clay, and Ashton Cofer looked at EPS’s chemical makeup and saw that it was mostly carbon. That sparked an idea. Could they turn it into activated carbon, a material that filters toxins from water?
After 50 hours of experiments, including one that accidentally set the family grill fire, they succeeded!
Solar for Her School
When Claire Vlases of Montana was in seventh grade, she learned about plans to expand and modernize her middle school. Claire asked the school board to add solar panels to the project. The board liked the idea but said it could contribute just $25,000, one-fifth of the cost. So Claire organized a group of kids and adults who set to work raising the rest.
They asked for donations, even going door-to-door for them. And they appealed to charitable foundations too. One even donated half the cost!
After two years of hard work, the group paid for the solar panels, which now supply one-fourth of the school’s electricity needs.
【1】What do the three groups of teenagers have in common?
A．They are Earth-helping heroes.
B．They are from island countries.
C．They are high school students.
D．They are keen on experiments.
【2】How much did one of the charitable organizations donate for solar panels?
A．$25,000.
B．$50,000.
C．$62,500.
D．$125,000.
【3】What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To give models for colorful school activities.
B．To explore the ways to deal with plastic pollution.
C．To inspire people to act for environmental problems.
D．To display the amazing power of effective cooperation.
25、A friend of mine met with an accident driving in darkness. His legs were so hurt that he couldn't move. What was the_________was he found himself unable to ask for help-his mobile phone went out of_________as a result of exhausted battery. Nothing could be done but to_________in cold wilderness. It was 8 hours later that the day broke, and then the_________of the rescue.
It is almost_________that he could stand the horror in the darkness for so long. Even more surprising was his_________. "First of all I checked up my_________conditions and found myself not in mortal(必死的)danger. As there was no_________to call for help, I leaned back in my seat trying my best to keep the wound from_________. In this way I dozed(打盹)off.
His story put an end to my regret for the__________of an exploration adventure that happened last year. A group of young men__________to explore a mountain cave and got lost.__________to find a way out in the dark cave they were frightened and ran anxiously without a sense of__________. Finally they fell dead in fear and exhaustion(筋疲力尽). According to the__________people that found them, the place where they got lost was only about 10 meters away from the__________of the cave. If they stayed on the spot when they lost their way and tried to__________themselves, they would probably sense a faint light glimmering(闪烁)not far away.
Don't you think that you can compare it with__________itself? When you meet with obstacles(障碍)in life and work, you are lost in darkness.__________you it's unclear yet and you needn't put up struggle__________. It seems to be a negative' attitude,__________a person who can afford to do so must have foresight(远见)as well as a great courage in the first place.
【1】
A．hopeless
B．worst
C．more
D．best
【2】
A．service
B．way
C．order
D．work
【3】
A．cry
B．lie
C．wait
D．sleep
【4】
A．delay
B．success
C．team
D．arrival
【5】
A．untrue
B．unimaginable
C．true
D．useless
【6】
A．plan
B．decision
C．explanation
D．excuse.
【7】
A．physical
B．mental
C．working
D．medical
【8】
A．courage
B．way
C．tools
D．strength
【9】
A．rotting
B．spreading
C．hurting
D．bleeding
【10】
A．loss
B．failure
C．disappointment
D．sadness
【11】
A．had
B．managed
C．tried
D．dreamed
【12】
A．Willing
B．Unable
C．Determined
D．Deciding
【13】
A．hearing
B．sight
C．feeling
D．direction
【14】
A．rescue
B．Village
C．local
D．brave
【15】
A．end
B．top
C．opening
D．' side
【16】
A．save
B．help
C．stop
D．calm
【17】
A．adventure
B．work
C．life
D．mankind
【18】
A．Tell
B．Watch
C．Imagine
D．Warm
【19】
A．really
B．immediately
C．carefully
D．hopefully
【20】
A．and
B．so
C．but
D．because
26、假如你是李华，你的朋友Jack要来你的家乡参观，请你根据下列要点写一篇电子邮件回复，介绍你的家乡。
1. 自然环境(绿水青山，环境优美)；
2. 人文环境(交通便利，生活和谐)；
3. 表示欢迎。
注意: 1. 词数100左右；
2. 包括所有要点，但不得逐字翻译。
Dear Jack,
I’m very glad to hear that you are going to pay a visit to my home town.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua