1、He told us the news ___ our team had won the match .
A.which B.that C.why D.when
2、— Shall I clean the desk for you?
—________. I’ll clean it myself later. Thank you all the same.
A．Don’t bother
B．Go ahead
C．No problem
D．Of course
3、If not ________with the respect he wants, the singer gets very ill-tempered and complains all the time.
A.treated B.being treated
C.treating D.having been treated
4、_________ by green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain makes it a famous tourist attraction.
A．Surrounded
B．Being surrounded
C．Surrounding
D．Having surrounded
5、---I was scolded for my wrong judgment.
---If only you the issue more thought.
A.gave B.would give C.have given D.had given
6、The superhero movie Avengers: Endgame topped Chinese mainland box office，Capernaum ___________ the second place.
A.took B.taken C.having taken D.taking
7、He is wearing a heavy overcoat as a_______against the cold.
A.prevention B.shelter C.protection D.defense
8、Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he ________ his own work and translated in into German.
A．turned around
B．turned down
C．took over
D．set aside
9、The people trapped in the ruins ____________ that rescue teams ____________ here without delay.
A.desire; are sent B.desiring; were sent
C.desire; be sent D.desiring; be sent
10、He ______ his first wife who was considerate to him and soon married a girl who was 20 years junior_____ him.
A.divorced; to B.divorced from; to C.separated; with D.separated from; for
11、_______with the research,he had no time to play with his son.
A.Occupied B.Occupying C.To occupy D.Having occupied
12、People ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
A．Who
B．which
C．whom
D．whose
13、Everyone in the department is expected to ________ the discussion about the plans of the next year.
A.attend B.join C.participate D.take part in
14、—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is _________.
A．running out
B．going out
C．giving out
D．losing out
15、They told the injured driver to stay _______ until the emergency personnel arrived.
A.strict B.still C.swift D.social
16、The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language__________in the 16th century.
A．came about
B．came out
C．came along
D．came up
17、There, ______Mrs Smith, showing her pupils how to put a logo onto the new torch.
A. was on a platform standing B. was standing on a platform
C. on a platform was standing D. standing on the platform was
18、The consumption of high street fashion has increased by 62%. , the rest of the fashion styles only experience a growth of 17%.
A.In contrast B.On average C.By accident D.At length
19、______of all the staff,I would like to wish you a happy retirement.
A.In honour B.In place C.On behalf D.On account
20、On your way to New York William will keep you ________ if you don’t want to be lonely.
A．company
B．companion
C．safety
D．friend
21、Many experts stick to the view ______ teacher development is the key to the education quality.
A.which B.what C.that D.where
22、Much to her disgust, his confidence________ on arrogance.
A.edges B.borders
C.splits D.emphasizes
23、Only when the circuit breaker mechanism was triggered________what a negative impact the epidemic had made on the country’s economy.
A.had they realized B.they realized C.they realize D.did they realize
24、He was _______his bravery in his fight with the robber．
A. honoured with B. honoured as
C. in honour of D. honoured for
25、In China, “mythical creatures” is used to describe troublesome schoolchildren ________ behaviors drive their parents crazy.
A．whose
B．when
C．who
D．of whom
26、Mary had struggled to find the right words to convey her thoughts and feelings ever since she was a child. She was often told that she was “too quiet” or “too shy”, and as she grew older, she became increasingly self-conscious about her inability. It wasn’t that she didn’t have anything to say — far from it. Mary’s mind was constantly racing with ideas and observations, but no matter how hard she tried, she just couldn’t seem to get the words out.
“Mary, I need to talk to you,” Mr. Thompson, the boss of Mary’s new company, said one day, his voice serious. Mary’s heart sank. “Don’t worry,” Mr. Thompson said, noticing Mary’s panic. “It’s not that kind of conversation. I just wanted to talk to you about something that’s been on my mind lately.”
He paused for a moment, collecting his thoughts. “I’ve noticed that you’ve been struggling a bit lately. It seems like you’re having a tough time communicating with customers. I hear that you’re proficient at writing. So why not join our Advertising Department? Besides, I have another suggestion…”
Mary kept nodding, unable to find the words to express her gratitude.
Following Mr. Thompson’s suggestion, Mary joined a writing competition. She had always been a talented writer, and she knew that she had the potential to create something truly special. So she set to work, pouring her heart and soul into her essay. The words started flowing, and Mary found herself writing with a newfound sense of clarity and purpose.
The judges of the competition were amazed by Mary’s essay, and they selected it as the winner. Mary was thrilled, and she was grateful to have finally found the right way to do a good job.
【1】What is Mary’s problem?
A．She was too self-conscious.
B．She had nothing to say with people.
C．She had too many thoughts in mind.
D．She didn’t know how to communicate.
【2】Why did Mr. Thompson have a talk with Mary?
A．To offer advice on her development.
B．To make her feel comfortable.
C．To give her a job promotion.
D．To point out her problem.
【3】How did Mary feel when creating her essay?
A．Confident.
B．Unsure.
C．Serious.
D．Relaxed.
【4】What can we know from Mary’s experience?
A．It is never too late to learn.
B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Losses on one side and gains on the other.
D．Diligence can make up for lack of intelligence.
27、 I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent. I no longer consider myself the center of the universe. I show up. I listen. I try to laugh. I am a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows(誓约) mean what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today.
So here's what I wanted to tell you today:
Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion(提升), the bigger paycheck, the larger house.
Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who love you. And remember that love is not leisure(空闲); it is work. Pick up the phone. Send an email. Write a letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted.
It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, and our minutes. It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learned to live many years ago. Something really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all: I learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned.
By telling them this: Read in the backyard with the sun on your face. Learn to be happy. And think of life as a deadly illness, because if you do, you will live it with joy and passion(激情) as it ought to be lived.
【1】What's the author's attitude toward work?
A．Do it well to serve others.
B．To earn enough money to make life better.
C．Try your best to get higher position and pay.
D．Don't let it affect your real life.
【2】The underlined sentence “It is so easy to exist instead of to live.” in the fifth paragraph probably has the same meaning as “________”
A．it is so easy to keep alive but not to live a real life
B．it is very hard to live a real life
C．it is so easy to make a living
D．it is more difficult to exist than to live a happy life
【3】How did the author form her view of life?
A．By working and social experience.
B．By learning from her friends.
C．Through an unfortunate experience.
D．From her children and husband.
【4】The best title of this passage probably ________.
A．Love Your Friends
B．Live a Real life
C．Don't Waste Time
D．Be a Good Mother and Wife
28、 For high school leavers starting out in the working world, it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习). In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programs are still few and far between.
Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses, students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. In Germany, students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.
But in America, education reform (改革) programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable(易受影响的) kids with no jobs and no skills.
Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high school. James Madison High School in New York, for example, encourages students to choose classes on career-based courses. The school then helps them gain on-the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school.
However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work, the job market is daunting. In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row. “The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the summer job experience, they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job,” said Michael, a researcher in the US.
【1】What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Arguments about recent US education reform.
B.Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.
C.The lack of career-based courses in US high schools.
D.Advice for American high school leavers.
【2】According to Robert Schwartz, _________.
A.there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US
B.teenagers in the US can’t miss out on the summer job experience
C.education reform should focus on students’ performance in exams
D.students should get contact with the working world at high school
【3】The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 5 most probably means __________.
A.discouraging B.interesting
C.creative D.unbearable
【4】What can be inferred from the text?
A.High school leavers with no practical skills can’t find a job at all.
B.Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain high at the moment.
C.Students with career-based courses never have problems finding a job.
D.US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employment.
29、 Mythology(神话) is rich with tales of dragons and the magical characteristics of their blood. It was supposed to be capable of curing certain diseases and was widely sought after.
A new study at George Mason University in Virginia suggests that the blood of the Komodo dragon, the largest living lizard on the planet, is loaded with chemicals that could be used as antibiotics(抗生素).
Komodo dragons, which are native to parts of Indonesia, attack large animals like water buffalo and deer with a bite to the throat. If their prey (猎物) does not fall immediately, the dragons rarely continue the fight. Instead, they back away and let the mix of mild poison and dozens of disease-causing bacteria found in their saliva(唾液) finish the job. They track their prey until it falls, victim to the poison and the bacteria, and then they can feast without a struggle. The strange thing is Komodo dragons are not affected by the bites of other dragons.
This fact interested the researchers who then examined the blood of Komodo dragons and discovered that it possessed qualities that are likely to have important medicinal uses. They recognized 48 elements that had previously been unknown to science and decided to test them in their laboratory. They exposed two types of disease-causing bacteria to eight of the most promising elements found in dragon blood. They found that the growth of both bacteria were strongly affected by seven of the dragon blood elements.
These results are important because antibiotic-proof bacteria are an increasing problem in hospitals. Such bacteria are thought to cause 700,000 deaths in hospitals each year around the world. It could be that the work of scientists with Komodo dragon blood could solve this increasingly common problem and their work may prove that dragon’s blood is just as magical as myths suggest.
【1】From Komodo dragons’ way of hunting prey, we can learn that ________.
A. Komodo dragons feast on their prey after a fierce fight
B. Komodo dragons in Indonesia tend to hunt big prey in groups
C. a bite to the throat is adequate to kill large beasts immediately
D. the poison and the bacteria in Komodo dragons’ saliva are deadly
【2】Scientists began to study Komodo dragons’ blood because ________.
A. the blood of Komodo dragons contains 48 elements
B. their poisonous saliva has killed many human beings
C. urgent research action has to be taken in search of antibiotic-proof bacteria
D. Komodo dragons are unaffected by the bacteria in the saliva of other dragons
【3】The research into the qualities of Komodo dragon’s blood found ________.
A. many hidden blood types B. many unknown blood elements
C. many unknown blood drugs D. two types of disease-causing bacteria
30、Dancing brings me the best of my life.
For several months, I kept learning skills just for a _________. It sounds _________, I know. I had to prepare everything as well as I could in order to get the best result and try to avoid bringing _________ on myself.
I started to learn Latin dance three months ago at my school’s dance sport club. The _________ idea was just to help me to exercise, but the activity gradually became one of my _________.
When I was asked if I would like to compete with dancers from other local schools at the upcoming Orange Blossom Ball (舞会), I _________ immediately. I didn’t believe a (n) _________ could take part in a dancing competition. But then a second thought _________ me. I would not dance to compete, but to _________ what it felt like to dance with people watching me. I also thought it would encourage me to __________ more. __________, I put my name down on the sign-up table for rumba (伦巴).
The competition began on a sunny Saturday morning. After watching several rounds, I finally understood the __________ of the game: since there were many groups of __________ in the competition, the judge randomly (随机) __________ groups to dance. The best would go into the next round.
When we were called, we got on the floor with the other couples and got into __________, ready for our round. When the music __________, I, too nervous, hesitated to start and had to eye my __________ for help. He quickly understood and __________ to help me count the steps. I slowly calmed down and began to focused on dance __________ like the walk, the spin (旋转) and the turn, my brain __________ and I forgot about everything else. Thanks to him, we finished the dance smoothly. We came fourth in the competition.
【1】A. school B. club C. competition D. life
【2】A. reasonable B. crazy C. fantastic D. good
【3】A. shame B. success C. homework D. extra work
【4】A. fixed B. central C. bright D. initial
【5】A. courses B. choices C. hobbies D. faiths
【6】A. hesitated B. refused C. accepted D. quitted
【7】A. amateur B. student C. beginner D. master
【8】A. hit B. considered C. scared D. troubled
【9】A. understand B. experience C. compete D. wonder
【10】A. attract B. win C. concentrate D. practice
【11】A. Eventually B. After all C. However D. Further more
【12】A. interest B. fun C. rules D. law
【13】A. coaches B. audience C. judges D. dancers
【14】A. called on B. put up C. gave out D. passed by
【15】A. touch B. trouble C. dance D. position
【16】A. sounded B. stopped C. lasted D. interrupted
【17】A. teacher B. partner C. classmate D. father
【18】A. sang B. shouted C. laughed D. whispered
【19】A. gestures B. party C. music D. exercise
【20】A. ached B. blanked C. cleared D. screamed
31、I spent more than three months one year in bed because of a back injury. When I finally started to _________ and could be up and around again for part of the day, the recommended at home therapy was to _________ as much as I was able to. As a surprise, my husband decided to_________ a walking path by himself that would trail around our house. He took great pains to ensure that the surface of the path was _________ and level and that the path would take me past the garden areas that I _________ and had missed so much. His _________ surprise turned my daily walking routine into something I could actually _________ because there was always _________ new going on somewhere for me to see and enjoy.
The _________ changed and the gardens started to shut down for the winter. I __________ where I would walk when there was snow on the ground, but my husband told me he had __________ thought about that, and he was __________ that he could keep the path open and cleared of snow. Despite the many snowstorms we had that winter, my path always was cleared and __________ for me to walk on.
One day after another snowstorm, we__________ our journey down the path, and as I turned the first corner I was __________ to see a little snowman waiting to say hello. I thought about how my husband had __________ the time on that cold day to give me something cheerful to see on my walk.
That day each time we __________ again to that point of the path, seeing the snowman made me feel so __________ for my husband's thoughtfulness.
Every day when I headed out for a walk on my path, I was __________ of how much I am loved. Showing you __________ doesn't require expensive gifts or showy gestures. It's the simple things from the heart that really count.
【1】
A．change
B．leave
C．work
D．recover
【2】
A．rest
B．walk
C．try
D．run
【3】
A．build
B．find
C．beat
D．choose
【4】
A．smooth
B．hard
C．thick
D．rough
【5】
A．expected
B．abandoned
C．loved
D．cleaned
【6】
A．thoughtful
B．careful
C．skillful
D．thankful
【7】
A．put up with
B．make use of
C．live up to
D．look forward to
【8】
A．anything
B．something
C．nothing
D．everything
【9】
A．times
B．ways
C．plans
D．seasons
【10】
A．imagined
B．wondered
C．realized
D．suspected
【11】
A．sometimes
B．never
C．always
D．already
【12】
A．shocked
B．curious
C．lucky
D．confident
【13】
A．right
B．ready
C．close
D．new
【14】
A．arranged
B．finished
C．started
D．continued
【15】
A．satisfied
B．embarrassed
C．surprised
D．confused
【16】
A．changed
B．taken
C．lost
D．freed
【17】
A．looked out
B．turned down
C．came around
D．held on
【18】
A．grateful
B．anxious
C．guilty
D．hopeful
【19】
A．cured
B．informed
C．reminded
D．warned
【20】
A．care
B．joy
C．pride
D．interest
32、When I was 4 years old, my aunt put a pair of headphones around my ears one day. For the first time I listened to classical music. My first experience with it was ______. The moment she put those headphones on, I stopped everything and stared ______ out into the universe, ______ by what was going on between my ears.
______ her, I had an early enjoyable experience with classical music that ______ my life path. I started taking piano lessons and composing my pieces of music at 9. In high school I ______ a band with my best friends playing and recording music and it had become a huge part of my life and ______.
None of these, though, would have much story ______ without some complications. In college, I started ballroom dancing, and all of us began to pursue our individual life ______. Music took a ______ seat until one day in 2017.
It was a usual Sunday afternoon and I played a bit on the piano, but this time was a little ______. Somehow, something out of nowhere ______ me and I was motivated for action. How could I have given up on music? I went online immediately to buy some such ______ as micophone stands, a mixer and some good microphones to start recording. The things you don’t do today will end up being the ______ of tomorrow.
So I started playing with ______, writing and posting my own pieces showing my inner thoughts online. In a few months, I had dozens of pieces published and my ______ was on fire.
As more people began to listen to my music, I got ______ feedback. They said my music made them think and relax. I told them that I could ______. For some it was even good sleep aid or a good way to ______ stress from a hard day at work. I began to realize that my music wasn’t just for me — it could heal and ______ others in a meaningful way.
【1】
A．meaningful
B．magical
C．painful
D．terrifying
【2】
A．unwillingly
B．firmly
C．unbearably
D．blankly
【3】
A．fascinated
B．encouraged
C．bored
D．frightened
【4】
A．Along with
B．But for
C．Thanks to
D．As for
【5】
A．followed up
B．blocked up
C．cleared up
D．set up
【6】
A．supported
B．formed
C．followed
D．quitted
【7】
A．family
B．identity
C．studies
D．challenge
【8】
A．map
B．elements
C．value
D．fun
【9】
A．paths
B．facts
C．events
D．attitudes
【10】
A．middle
B．front
C．back
D．window
【11】
A．urgent
B．difficult
C．strange
D．different
【12】
A．struck
B．disturbed
C．annoyed
D．shocked
【13】
A．instruments
B．facilities
C．videos
D．studios
【14】
A．regrets
B．tasks
C．expectations
D．failures
【15】
A．patience
B．joy
C．emotion
D．satisfaction
【16】
A．creativity
B．curiosity
C．courage
D．desire
【17】
A．negative
B．satisfying
C．demanding
D．professional
【18】
A．review
B．remark
C．relax
D．relate
【19】
A．bear
B．stop
C．relieve
D．spot
【20】
A．teach
B．affect
C．surprise
D．help
33、 I met my wife at a party when I just finished my master's degree.A friend introduced me to her and we had a(n)_______talk at the party.I was quite_______that she had written a novel.I said,“I always admire those who are good at_______novels but I'm just_______.”To my surprise,she replied,“How can you know it if you don't have a_______?”
We kept in touch after the party and she_______me to try my hand,_______all I had ever written were scientific papers and articles on butterflies.I was_______Alexander the Great,but there were already some wonderful novels about the man.I did not feel I could_______with those,so I took a side step.I invented a junior officer in his army,had him wounded in Scythia and left behind as the________headed east,out of which came my book Lion of Scythia!My wife corrected my first________.There was more________on the page than black.________,I didn't give up and sent the book to the same publisher that my wife used to send her books to.Many days passed by and I didn't________anything back.So I completely forgot it and got back to my________on butterflies.However,the life-changing day came,18 months after I had started writing,I got an email saying that my book had been________and was to be published.
That was twenty years ago.I'm________writing and I'm about to start my 37th novel(29 published so far).It is now a part of my life.I can't let one single day go________writing and I set myself a goal of at least 1,000 words a day.I push the________forward,even if I write rubbish.I can always go________and rewrite or edit,but I have never suffered from writer's block.
A．hard
B．great
C．empty
D．secret
A．moved
B．worried
C．impressed
D．frightened
A．writing
B．reading
C．editing
D．reviewing
A．hopeless
B．harmless
C．careless
D．endless
A．break
B．try
C．name
D．call
A．permitted
B．forbade
C．encouraged
D．promised
A．because
B．unless
C．if
D．though
A．sure of
B．proud of
C．worried about
D．interested in
A．protect
B．talk
C．compete
D．play
A．community
B．committee
C．army
D．family
A．work
B．report
C．magazine
D．diary
A．red
B．yellow
C．brown
D．blue
A．Therefore
B．However
C．So far
D．In all
A．pay
B．teach
C．hear
D．send
A．news
B．opinion
C．dependence
D．research
A．discussed
B．inspired
C．challenged
D．accepted
A．still
B．even
C．ever
D．also
A．into
B．without
C．for
D．after
A．theory
B．story
C．business
D．speech
A．away
B．off
C．out
D．back
34、Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A huge milestone has just been reached in the field of artificial intelligence: AlphaGo, a program developed by Google’s DeepMind unit, has defeated legendary Go player Lee Se-dol in the first of five historic matches being held in Seoul, South Korea. Lee 【1】 after about three and a half hours, with 28 minutes and 28 seconds remaining on his clock. The series is the first time a professional 9-dan Go player has taken on a computer, and Lee is 【2】 for a $1 million prize.
“I was very surprised,”said Lee after the match.“I didn’t expect to lose. But I didn’t think AlphaGo would play the game in such a perfect manner.”DeepMind founder Demis Hassabis expressed“huge 【3】 for Lee Se-dol and his amazing skills.”calling the game“hugely exciting”and“very tense.”Team lead David Silver said it was an“amazing game of Go that really pushed AlphaGo to its 【4】.”
Go is an ancient Chinese board game that has long been considered one of the great 【5】faced by AI. While computer programs ow best the world’s leading human players of games like checkers and chess, the high level of intuition and 【6】required by Go has made it tough for computers to crack. DeepMind’s AlphaGo program is the most 【7】effort yet, using a complex system of deep neural networks and machine learning; it beat European champion Fan Hui last year, but Lee Se-dol is another 【8】 rival entirely.
“I don’t regret accepting this challenge,”said Lee.“I am in shock, I admit that, but what’s done is done. I enjoyed this game and look forward to the next. I think I failed on the opening layout so if I do a better job on the opening aspect I think I will be able to increase my 【9】 of winning.”Lee was surprised both by how strong AlphaGo’s opening was, and by some 【10】moves.
35、
Rapidly advancing technology and its impact on education has been a subject of debate. How can schools equip students with the skills they need to succeed in a challenging job market?
Since technology is driving these changes, there is a theory that governments should keep focusing on STEM subjects. These are often referred to as “hard skills,” which are 【1】 in primary school and right through to university level. In the meantime, ‘soft skills’ are being 【2】.
This is a mistake. Much evidence suggests that soft skills are far more 【3】 to graduates in the long term. Research from Harvard University on the global job market has shown that STEM- related careers grew strongly between 1989 and 2000 but have slowed down since. In contrast, jobs in the creative industries----the sector probably most 【4】 with the need for soft skills---are growing rapidly. Soft skills are, in fact, increasingly in demand in the workplace: Google cites creativity, leadership 【5】 and communication skills as top requirements for both potential and current employees.
So why are soft skills so highly 【6】 for?
With the rapid evolution of technology, a focus on hard skills leaves students 【7】 to change, as these often have a short shelf life. According to research by World Economic Forum, more than one in four adults reports a mismatch between their skills and those needed for their job role. If soft skills are taught well, these skills should enable students to adapt to change more easily and progress further in their 【8】 career.
Of course, technical skills are important. But without the curriculum placing equal--- if not greater --- 【9】 on soft skills, our education systems are missing a huge trick. Hard skills may help a student get a job in a particular industry, but soft skills will help them disrupt it, achieving a wider 【10】 in their chosen field.
36、课文填空
The Sundance Film Festival 【1】 boycotts all Hollywood films, and we don’t foresee ever including them. The initial idea for our festival was 【2】 back in l978. when it was known as the Utah/US Film Festival. However, it was not well known until 1981. It was then that Robert Redford became its 【3】 and changed the focus to independent films, often made on very modest 【4】 It was given its new name-the Sundance Film Festival-in 1991. Redford has acted in and directed many big Hollywood films, but wanted to 【5】 the public to films made outside of the Hollywood system
37、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?
Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.
In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.
When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.
Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.
Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.
That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.
And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.
But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.
Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.
Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.
In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.
38、假设你是李华，是我校一名高二学生。 最近你收到来自友好学校的Tom的邀请，请你下周去他们学校参加文化交流活动并介绍中国的传统绘画。但是你和其他高二学生一样在忙于准备期末考试，不得不谢绝他的邀请。请根据下面的要点给Tom写一封回信。要点：
1.谢绝Tom的邀请；
2.说明你的理由；
3.推荐你的朋友Mary参加，并说明原因。
注意：
1.词数为100左右；
2.适当增加细节使行文连贯；
3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好（不计入总词数）
Dear Tom,
Thank you very much for your invitation.
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Yours sicerely,
LiHua
39、假定你是李华，你市新建成图书馆将于下周开放,请你写封信告诉爱读书的交换生朋友Jack办理借书证相关手续。内容包括：
1.填写申请表；
2.提交一寸个人照；
3.预付押金。
参考词汇：押金deposit
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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40、请认真阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
A good book can expose readers to a weird (不可思议的) place — a place which you could call art or fiction. I call it wonder, for those moments where a story — no matter how strange — has some semblance (样子) of truth, and then you’re able to believe it. It’s not just kids who can get there. Adults can too, and we get there when we read. It’s why people will take the walking tour of Bloomsday and see everything that happened in Ulysses. Or people visit Baker Street to see Sherlock Holmes’ apartment. We know these characters aren’t real, but we have real feelings about them.
There is a word called metafiction (超小说) and that’s just stories about stories. And one metafictive technique is breaking the fourth wall. If I am going to break down the fourth wall, I want fiction to escape and come into the real world. I want a book to be a secret door that opens and lets stories out into reality.
（写作内容）
1.用约30个单词概述上文的主要内容；
2.用约120个单词发表你对好书的看法，内容包括：
（1）好书的影响表现在哪些方面；
（2）就如何挑选一本好书，给出2-3个建议
（写作要求）
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题
（评分标准）
内容完整，语言规范，语篇规范，词数适当
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41、Direction：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions below in Chinese.
智能手机时代，各种新颖好玩的APP 层出不穷。请在作文中陈述：
1）在你常用的APP中，最想向大家推荐的哪一种APP并说明理由。
2）假如你自己设计开发一款APP， 它会带给人们什么样的全新体验。
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