1、He was completely ______ his book and did not hear me call.
A.absorbed in B.attracted to C.committed to D.dealt with
2、In this article, you need to back up general statements with _______ examples.
A.shabby B.spicy C.specific D.stubborn
3、Without access to the Internet, they found themselves ______ from the outside world.
A．cut off
B．cutting off
C．cut up
D．cutting up
4、The Small Goose Pagoda in Xi’an, one of the 22 Silk Road relics located in China, _______ back in 707 during the Tang Dynasty.
A．dated B．was dated
C．dates D．is dating
5、Justice has long arms. Whoever _______ breaks the law, or encourages others to do so, must expect to face justice.
A．swiftly
B．deliberately
C．gradually
D．properly
6、Generally there is a sharp ______ between them in their character.
A.contact B.contrary C.contract D.contrast
7、Each soldier and sailor________ given a rifle when the ship landed.
A.were B.was C.are D.is
8、Henry hasn't missed a chance to _______ his muscles to others since being praised for his strong figure.
A.show off B.show up C.put off D.put up
9、________ yourself until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. Sit B. Seat
C. Sitting D. Stand
10、Difficulties and hardships have ____ the best character of the young geologist.
A. brought in B. brought out
C. brought up D. brought about
11、He added that state and local governments might have to ____ spending as a result of declining tax revenue.
A. cut back B. cut off
C. cut out D. cut in
12、The old only ________ their children ________ and see them from time to time.
A．suggest; to come
B．hope; to come
C．desire; coming
D．desire; to come
13、It is not rare in_____ that people in ______ fifties are going to university for further education.
A.90s ; the B.the 90s; / C.90s; their D.the 90s ; their
14、When I opened the door, a parcel on the floor ____ my eye.
A. fixed B. caught C. focused D. appealed
15、They have ______money for the Hope Project for the last two years.
A. rose B. raised
C. aroused D. arisen
16、With the top-down educational reform _______ many challenges in the classroom which deserve some serious thinking.
A．comes
B．is coming
C．are coming
D．come
17、_______ digital technology is bridging geographic distance, highly skilled workers are increasingly crowding into cities.
A．Where
B．As
C．While
D．When
18、What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has been _____？
A．given out
B．put out
C．held up
D．used up
19、Mary was busy with her work， and it was only around four in the afternoon she could finally lie down to rest for a while．
A.when B.which C.that D.whether
20、I have to say ______ the boy that he actually didn’t break the school rule.
A. in honor of B. in defense of
C. in favor of D. in celebration of
21、 The education program ________combining brain work with manual labor is being widely spread throughout the country.
A．to aim at B．aims at
C．having aimed at D．aimed at
22、High interest rates _____ people from borrowing money.
A. discourage B. defeat
C. disturb D. depress
23、It is a custom _______ hundreds of years.
A.dating back B.dates from C.dated back D.dating from
24、Many experts stick to the view ______ teacher development is the key to the education quality.
A.which B.what C.that D.where
25、----Is your father a teacher now?
----No, but he . He taught English for 10 years.
A. used to be B. used to
C. used to do D. was used to
26、 Even as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of self-driving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains a bit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250, 000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.
“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people, ” said Chris Urmson, director of Google’s self-driving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google’s headquarters in Mountain View, California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.
The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work, ” Urmson said. “the vehicles will be very basic — we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible — but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button. ” The prototype (雏形) are the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building.
In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads —the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error —and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can’t drive because of age or illness.
Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don’t own. The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.
The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, including Delphi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers” to take control if needed. Google says the cars are safe. The vehicles have sensors that “can detect objects out to a distance of more than two football fields in all directions, which is especially helpful on busy streets with lots of intersections, ” Urmson said. “We’re looking forward to learning how the community understands and interacts with the vehicles, and to uncovering challenges that are unique to a fully self-driving vehicle, ” Urmson said.
【1】The passage informs us that self-driving cars .
A.have already passed necessary tests
B.will probably decrease traffic jams
C.have been purchased by some companies
D.will keep the drivers in good sprits
【2】According to Chris Urmson .
A.software and sensors are vital for self-driving cars
B.self-driving cars can give driving orders to humans
C.self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderly
D.ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars
【3】What is the best title for this passage?
A.Self-driving Car Avoids Human Errors
B.Self-driving Car Meets New Challenges
C.Google’s Self-driving Car Graduates to City Streets
D.Google’s Self-driving Car Enjoys Global Popularity
27、 Researchers have discovered a new bacterium that feeds on polyurethane, a kind of plastic that is difficult to recycle or destroy. Scientists say the discovery could help reduce a flood of hard — to — recycle plastics that are ending up in the world's landfills（垃圾填埋地） and polluting oceans.
A team from the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research in Leipzig, Germany, found the new type of soil bacteria. It was spotted in an area that contained a large amount of plastic waste. The team discovered the bacteria were feeding on polyurethane diol, which was widely used in many different products.
One problem is that recycling polyurethane requires a lot of energy. The plastic material does not melt when heated. Most polyurethane-based products end up in landfills, where they can release dangerous chemicals. The team round that the bacterium can produce enzymes（酶）that eat away polyurethane. This would make it possible to break down the material in the environment. The results were recently reported in a study in the publication Frontiers in Microbiology. Hermann Heipieper helped write the report. He said in a statement the finding “represents an important step in being able to reuse polyurethane products.”
German study noted that plastic-eating bacteria could be easily controlled and produced for industrial use. The researchers said the next step is to find more information about the bacterial enzymes that can break down polyurethane.
Scientist Douglas Rader wrote about the issue in a 2018 article for the Environmental Defense Fund. He said much more study should be carried out to learn about the complex relationships between bacteria and marine ecosystems. “Such research is needed before we can take action such as putting plastic-eating bacteria into the ocean,” Rader wrote.
【1】What is the problem about polyurethane?
A.It seems difficult to transport when it goes to landfills.
B.It affects the quality of plastic products if widely used.
C.It melts easily when exposed to the sun for a long time.
D.It pollutes the environment unless recycled or destroyed.
【2】What do we know about the new type of bacteria from the text?
A.It can produce harmful chemicals. B.It can gradually destroy polyurethane.
C.It is very hard to discover and control. D.It is very likely to increase plastic waste.
【3】What is Douglas Rader's attitude towards the future use of the new bacterium?
A.Doubtful. B.Disapproval.
C.Cautious. D.Enthusiastic.
【4】Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Plastic-eating Bacteria B.Plastic Waste — A Big Problem
C.Plastic and Ocean D.Polyurethane — A Bacteria killer
28、If you enjoy reading, don’t miss Shakespeare and Company when you visit the city of Paris. It is a famous English-language bookstore on the left bank of the river Seine. The first Shakespeare and Company in history was opened in 1919 by an American, Sylvia Beach. Ms. Beach did more than sell books. Her bookstore was also a library, and she even prepared beds for writers visiting there. Ms. Beach was not only kind to people but also good at choosing books, so her bookstore was often visited by writers like Ernest Hemingway and James Joyce. But in 1941, after the Germans took power in Paris, Ms. Beach was told to close her bookstore.
In 1951, another American, George Whitman, opened in Paris another English-language bookstore, Librairie Mistral. Since then, just as Ms. Beach did, Mr Whitman has also made his bookstore a library for people to borrow books, and a free hotel for writers to stay in. To remember Ms. Beach, Mr Whitman changed the name of his bookstore to Shakespeare and Company in 1964, two years after Ms. Beach died.
Next time when you are in Paris, don’t forget to visit this friendly bookstore, and see if you can spend a night there!
【1】When was Shakespeare and Company first opened?
A．In 1919.
B．In 1941.
C．In 1951.
D．In 1964.
【2】What does Shakespeare and Company do?
a. It sells books. b. It lends books.
c. It offers food to readers. d. It prepares beds for writers.
A．a, b, c
B．a, c, d
C．a, b, d
D．b, c, d
【3】Ms. Beach closed her business because _______.
A．she died
B．she was made to do it
C．she left Paris
D．she didn’t manage it well
【4】What do we know about Mr. Whitman?
A．He was Ms. Beach’s neighbor.
B．He used to work at Ms. Beach’s bookstore.
C．He opened a bookstore to remember Ms. Beach.
D．He has followed Ms. Beach’s ways of doing business.
29、 By the mid-1920s, Pablo Picasso, one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. had been one of the most celebrated men .In 1957, when Pablo Picasso was in his seventh decade, he joked that x-ray technology might one day reveal a lost work underneath one of his early paintings. Today, that prediction became reality although the technology involved goes far beyond x-rays.
Using hyper-modern tools to peer into one of his Blue Period paintings, researchers have not only shown a hidden piece of art history in astonishing new detail, they have revealed a striking amount of insight into Picasso's creative process and style.
The investigation focused on"La Miséreuse accroupie, "or" Crouching Woman, "painted in 1902 and currently owned by the Art Gallery. The painting, an oil on canvas (画布) piece drawing a crouching (蜷坐的) woman who wears a long coat, shows Picasso’s typical Blue Period colors: grey, green, blue and white. It shows that the innovative modernist was inspired by the lines of an underlying landscape painted by an unknown artist.
The analysis also exposes several changes to the woman described in the painting,many of which Picasso ultimately abandoned. Researchers released their findings on Saturday’s press conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Austin, Texas. “We think now it's a landscape painted by someone enrolled at the fine arts academy in Barcelona, someone in Picasso’s orbit but not in his close circle, ”says Kenneth Brummel, assistant curator of modern art for the Art Gallery of Ontario.
As to why Picasso would have “recycled” another artist’s canvas(油画布), reasons could range from economic necessity, as a young artist still establishing himself, to deep inspiration driven by the lines of the image already laid down there. Picasso often re-used canvases for this reason."
“He didn't shave off the canvas or put a preparatory layer over it,” Brummel says.“ Picasso saw this landscape, found inspiration, and decided he was going to paint it immediately."
【1】According to the text ,the most likely process of Picasso's painting?
①Picasso reused another artist's canvas.
②Inspired by a landscape painting, Picasso decided to paint one too.
③Picasso painted a woman on the landscape painting.
④Not happy with the landscape, Picasso covered it totally.
⑤Picasso made changes to the woman
A.②③④ B.④②③
C.①③⑤ D.②①④
【2】How did Picasso deal with the landscape painting?
A.He reused it because he hated wasting anything.
B.He hid his own paintings beneath the landscape.
C.He took the advantage of it and created a new one.
D.He kept it to himself with the permission of its owner.
【3】What can we infer from the passage?
A.People often celebrated Picasso’s success.
B.Picasso was not well-off when he started his career.
C.Picasso became successful overnight.
D.Picasso was good at imitating other artists’ works.
【4】Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Picasso's predication turned out to be joke.
B.High technology uncovered art mysteries.
C.Seeing is not always believing.
D.Lost Artwork Found Under Famous Picasso Painting.
30、 Sometimes it’s not the huge sacrifices that mums make but the tiny things they do day in and day out that make you realize what special people they are.
It was a ____ January day. When I left home for the office, the weather report said, “Windy and cold, but no rain.” _____, by the time I was about to leave work in the early evening, it was absolutely ____!
My office was close to the bus stop, so I just ____ out of the door and onto the bus. Unfortunately, when I got off, I still had about a mile to ____ to my home. Normally on a night like that, my husband would come and get me. That morning, he had told me that he was putting the car in for a ____.
As I stepped off the bus to walk home, I____to get my tiny umbrella to go up in the strong wind. Then, suddenly and to my ____, I heard my mum’s voice.
“Quickly! Come under here, before you get soaked!”
I rushed under my bigger ____ and stared at mum in surprise. “What on Earth are you doing here in this____?” I asked her. My mum was eighty-three that year, and ____ fit and healthy, she didn’t like going out ____ strong wind and heavy rain. In fact, on a day like that, I usually went round to her house to make sure she didn’t ____ out of anything.
“You told me to come round for dinner tonight, but I came ____before the rain got too heavy. Eric told me that your car was in for a service and I saw your big umbrella lying on the chair. I ___you had forgotten it, so I just picked it ____ and came out to meet you.”
My mum passed away the following year. This simple____ remains embedded(深留) in my mind, and reminds me how completely my mum ____ me. She wouldn't have gone out in the wind and rain for herself, but, at eighty-three, she never gave a second ____ about braving the storm so I wouldn’t get ____.
【1】A.cloudy B.windy C.sunny D.foggy
【2】A.Besides B.Therefore C.Eventually D.However
【3】A.shining B.pouring C.flashing D.erupting
【4】A.rushed B.took C.looked D.left
【5】A.drive B.jog C.walk D.cycle
【6】A.ride B.service C.rest D.lift
【7】A.struggled B.continued C.explored D.agreed
【8】A.amusement B.appreciation C.amazement D.annoyance
【9】A.cover B.roof C.umbrella D.raincoat
【10】A.case B.way C.place D.weather
【11】A.as B.although C.if D.when
【12】A.under B.through C.for D.in
【13】A.drop B.back C.run D.get
【14】A.early B.regularly C.frequently D.conveniently
【15】A.expected B.wondered C.doubted D.guessed
【16】A.out B.on C.up D.over
【17】A.act B.lesson C.discovery D.adventure
【18】A.affected B.loved C.accepted D.recognized
【19】A.thought B.attempt C.analysis D.test
【20】A.exhausted B.bored C.uncomfortable D.wet
31、 Life is filled with changes. As we get older we _______ realize that those challenges are the very things that _______ us and make us who we are. It is the same with the challenges that come with _______.
When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two _______. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing _______ the challenge isn’t worth the _______ and call it quits. Although there are certainly _______when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most _______all that is needed is _______ and communication.
When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how ________ or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to ________ it and work it through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a ________ for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. ________ you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt,” ________ “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.
In dealing with the challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for ________ they are: small hurdles you need to jump or ________ on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is ________ to get over, and hurt only ________ to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, it ________ to everyone, and some day you will ________ all this and say, “ Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a good thing.”
【1】A.seem to B.come to C.hope to D.try to
【2】A.design B.promote C.direct D.shape
【3】A.confidence B.pressure C.friendship D.difficulty
【4】A.opportunities B.expectations C.choices D.aspects
【5】A.demanding B.deserving C.predicting D.presenting
【6】A.comment B.loss C.trouble D.expense
【7】A.spans B.times C.dates D.ages
【8】A.cases B.fields C.parts D.occasions
【9】A.assessment B.commitment C.encouragement D.adjustment
【10】A.doubtful B.shameful C.harmful D.painful
【11】A.keep B.control C.face D.catch
【12】A.space B.plan C.topic D.room
【13】A.If B.As C.While D.Unless
【14】A.other than B.rather than C.or rather D.or else
【15】A.what B.who C.where D.which
【16】A.pass by B.come across C.get through D.run over
【17】A.unnecessary B.necessary C.impossible D.possible
【18】A.helps B.means C.aims D.attempts
【19】A.opens B.appeals C.goes D.happens
【20】A.look down on B.look back on C.look forward to D.look up to
32、 Six years ago, something unforgettable happened. My wife, Liz, and I celebrated our 50th wedding ___ that year. It was a lovely event _________ by our sons for us. Many wonderful friends from the past surprised us with presents and ___.Our gift to each other was a driving trip out west. We drove from Ontario into Alberta, then southward into Glacier National Park in Montana, and ____ to Yellowstone National Park.
It was a __ spring day, and the Beartooth Highway had opened for the season just days before.
_______the road, there was still a great amount of snow __ . The scenery was so impressive that we made numerous stops to record memories with my camera. At __ the highest point of the highway, I stopped at a lookout to catch the ____ views, with my wife in the center of my camera lens.
There were not many vehicles on the road _____ cars with energetic young tourists ________ .And then we heard a motorcycle in the distance. The driver of the motorcycle, in rags, _____ behind our car. As he ____ us, his only words were, "Give me your camera and get over there with your wife. " I must ___ I felt nervous that we might be robbed where we just created some beautiful memories. __ , he just took a picture of us, _____ my camera and rode off before we could express our _____ .The photo he took is one of the most cherished and prized of our trip.
I learned my lesson somewhere I least expected it. God judges us __ by our heart, so we should never judge a man by his _____. If the motorcycle driver reads this story and _____ the situation, we would like to say "thank you to him."
【1】A.ceremony B.anniversary C.tradition D.get-together
【2】A.discussed B.enjoyed C.hosted D.reported
【3】A.congratulations B.suggestions C.messages D.interests
【4】A.returned B.slid C.withdraw D.continued
【5】A.cold B.warm C.hot D.mild
【6】A.Below B.Alongside C.Beyond D.Above
【7】A.melting B.disappearing C.remaining D.rolling
【8】A.clearly B.certainly C.perfectly D.roughly
【9】A.plain B.amazing C.familiar D.boring
【10】A.Constantly B.Finally C.Occasionally D.Gradually
【11】A.ran away B.set off C.broke down D.passed by
【12】A.rushed B.parked C.circled D.tell
【13】A.approached B.protected C.warned D.welcomed
【14】A.forget B.agree C.admit D.refuse
【15】A.Happily B.Strangely C.Disappointingly D.Surprisingly
【16】A.handed back B.dropped off C.threw away D.picked out
【17】A.kindness B.fear C.gratitude D.regret
【18】A.just B.even C.still D.ever
【19】A.accent B.appearance C.experience D.intelligence
【20】A.imagines B.clarities C.appreciates D.remembers
33、We were flying to a meeting. I was in the middle_______I found that the young woman sitting next to me was very_______and deep in thought. Then I asked her where she was from, where she was going and_______she did.
She was a student and had been attending _______ in Poland—the homeland of her father. Then she told me sadly that her father had _______. She had chosen to attend college in Poland_______her father’s wishes and their relationship had been_______They hadn’t forgiven each other_______he died.
She seemed so sad. I looked at her, trying to_______some words to say. I asked her if she had forgiven________for not realizing her father’s dream. She answered that she couldn’t forgive herself and felt so________. Slowly, I began to tell her about forgiveness. I encouraged her to________that because I believed her father wanted that too. She should forgive herself________how awful she thought she had been.
I told her about________I had done as a teenager for which I had felt guilty for many years. How I was________with the choice of forgiving myself or to________feeling guilty for the rest of my life. I had________to forgive myself . The light in her eyes went on. She began to understand that she was________forgiven and could forgive herself. She could be________and happy.
How about you? Is there anything in your________for which you feel guilty?
【1】
A．chair
B．room
C．seat
D．class
【2】
A．mad
B．sad
C．angry
D．happy
【3】
A．when
B．which
C．how
D．what
【4】
A．meeting
B．school
C．university
D．party
【5】
A．died
B．come
C．returned
D．left
【6】
A．for
B．against
C．with
D．on
【7】
A．bad
B．good
C．worse
D．better
【8】
A．since
B．after
C．when
D．while
【9】
A．find out
B．look up
C．go over
D．think of
【10】
A．myself
B．yourself
C．himself
D．herself
【11】
A．unhappy
B．guilty
C．lonely
D．helpless
【12】
A．trust
B．understand
C．realize
D．find
【13】
A．as though
B．even though
C．if only
D．no matter
【14】
A．anything
B．nothing
C．something
D．everything
【15】
A．faced
B．forced
C．satisfied
D．challenged
【16】
A．try
B．continue
C．start
D．consider
【17】
A．picked
B．elected
C．selected
D．chosen
【18】
A．totally
B．simply
C．already
D．hardly
【19】
A．calm
B．quiet
C．free
D．safe
【20】
A．house
B．life
C．family
D．work
34、按照课文内容填空
At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were【1】, but today they are accepted as the beginning of【2】we call “modern art’. This is because the Impressionists 【3】artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but 【4】the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter doesn’t 【5】to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, 【6】instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, 【7】color, line and shape to represent them. On the【8】hand, some paintings of modern art are so 【9】 that they look photographs. These styles are so different. Who can【10】what painting styles there will be in the future?
35、Directions: Fill in each blank to make the passage make sense and well connected in writing style. The initial letter of each word has been given. (please write each answer in a COMPLETE word on the answer card.
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
In Congress, July 4, 1776
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s god entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should d【1】 the causes which impel them to the separation.
We h【2】 these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created e【3】, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable R【4】, that among these are life, L【5】, and the pursuit of Happiness.
That to secure these rights, g 【6】 are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the P 【7】 to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, l【8】 its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such f【9】, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience has shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariable the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their d 【10】, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
36、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?
Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.
In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.
When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.
Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.
Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.
That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.
And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.
But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.
Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.
Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.
In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.
37、Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Knowledge is free on the Internet at a small but 【1】 number of colleges and universities. About 160 schools around the world now put free course materials on the web to the 【2】. Recent additions in the United States 【3】 projects at Yale, Johns Hopkins and the University of California, Berkeley.
Berkeley said it would offer videos of lectures on YouTube. Free videos from other schools are 【4】 at the Apple iTunes store.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) became an early 【5】 with its Open Course Ware project, first 【6】 in 2001. Free lecture notes, exams and other resources are published at ocw.mit.edu. Many exams even include the answers. Today, Open Course Ware offers materials from 1,800 undergraduate and graduate courses. These 【7】 from Physics to Political Science. Visitors can learn the same things as MIT students learn. But as the site points out, Open Course Ware is not an MIT education. Visitors receive no credit toward a degree. Some materials from a course may not be available, and the site does not provide 【8】 with teachers. Still, MIT says that the site has had forty million visits by thirty-one million visitors from almost every country. Sixty percent of the visitors are from outside the United States and Canada. Students and educators use the site, including students at MIT. But the largest number of visitors, about half, are self-learners.
Some professors have become well-known around the world as a result of 【9】 online. Walter Lewin, a physics professor at MIT, is 【10】 popular. Fans enjoy his entertaining lectures. MIT Open Course Ware now includes materials for high school. The aim is to improve education in Science, Technology, Math and Engineering.
38、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was eight o’clock on a May morning, and Micah, my 17-year-old daughter, was already in our spare room upstairs. It had been her temporary eleventh-grade classroom ever since schools had moved to remote learning due to the pandemic.
From the kitchen, I listened for the sound of her tapping on her laptop or her talking with her classmates in their discussion sessions. We’d barely left the house for 10 weeks straight.
“Mom, everyone is hanging out today!” Micah’s voice echoed from upstairs. “Why can’t I?” I stepped up the stairs. Micah was lying on the floor wearing her pajamas, her laptop, school iPad and cellphone in front of her.
“It’s not fair,” she said.“ I have no one I can be with. I can ‘t wait until I’m 18 and can do what I want.”
We’d had this conversation before. Still, I couldn’t help but feel sorry for her. I was sick of being alone too. Even though Micah and I were home together more than we had been in years, we might as well have been living in separate worlds.
“Wanna watch videos later?” I asked. “Bake some cookies?”
“No, thanks.” Micah shook her head, as if the idea of doing something together was impossible.
I closed the door. I was used to Micah’s rejection, but it still made me upset. Teenage independence is healthy, but I worried if I didn’t find a way to bond with my girl soon, I might never be close to her again. She’d be 18 in the fall and had already convinced herself she didn’t need me anymore. Maybe she was right. No matter what I did, I couldn’t seem to reach her.
That evening, I logged onto a social app and saw a friend’s children playing with their new kitten. My mind went back to when I was in high school and our family moved. It was hard making friends. Mom surprised me with an eight-week-old gray kitten that I named Miss Muffet. Having a kitten to love and train brightened my days and got me through that difficult, lonely time. Maybe Micah would like a kitten.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I asked if she wanted a kitten.
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In the car, Micah put the kitten under her chin.
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39、假定你是李华，你校为了推广中华经典文学，计划举办一场唐诗英语翻译大赛，请你写信邀请对中国唐诗有一定研究和兴趣的交换生Peter一同参加此次比赛。内容包括：
1. 比赛举办的目的；
2. 比赛的时间和规则；
3. 你邀请的理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
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Yours
LiHua
40、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
While 1 was sitting in the living room, the days that I spent with my mom crowded in on me. We had a very Tom and Jerry relationship. She was a strict trainer; I was naughty. She would ask me to buy groceries, and I wouldn't come right home because I'd be using the change from the milk and bread to play video games at the supermarket. I loved video games. I was a master at Street Fighter. I could go forever on a single play. I'd drop a coin in, time would fly, and the next thing 1 knew there'd be a woman standing behind me with a belt. It was a race. I'd take off out the door and through the dusty streets of Eden Park, climbing over walls. It was a normal thing in our neighborhood:
Everyone knew: The child would come through like a bat out of hell, and his mom would be right there behind him. She could go fast in high heels, but if she really wanted to come after me, she'd kick her shoes off while still going at top speed. She'd do this strange move with her ankles and the heels would go flying and she wouldn't even miss a step. When 1 was little she always caught me, but as I got older I got faster. So it was not easy for her to catch me.
Paragraph 1: When speed failed her, she used her wisdom.
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Paragraph 2: If given a chance, I would let my mom run in front of me.
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41、假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Bill在春节期间给你发了一封节日问候邮件，并在信中问及红色在中国春节中的使用，请你给他回封邮件介绍下红色在春节中的使用情况。内容包括以下几点:
1. 红色在中国的象征；
2. 春节期间红色的使用(至少列出两个要点)。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
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