1、The professor tried his best to make the students__________what he was saying but he found it hard to make himself ___________.
A. understand; understand
B. understand; understood
C. understood; understood
D. understood; understand
2、Nowadays, when people talk about magicians, the first one ________ comes into their mind is Liu Qian.
A.whom B.which C.that D.what
3、Bejing Daxing International Airport completed its first flight of passenger planes ___________four aircrafts landed safely on the runway Monday morning.
A.though B.as C.while D.before
4、The man could not go to work with his car _____.
A.to steal B.stolen C.stealing D.stole
5、John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _______are family members.
A.who B.which C.whom D.what
6、The Defence Minister will _________ the journalists this afternoon.
A.address B.arrange C.appoint D.applaud
7、The fog has not gone, and ____ they put off the sports meet.
A.in fact B.at least C.as a result D.in addition
8、If you were to have a few minutes free, I______ the opportunity to ask you one more question.
A．would appreciate
B．would have appreciated
C．were to appreciate
D．had appreciated
9、President Xi Jinping says that the central government will make medical insurance _______ to every family.
A.constructive B.accessible C.portable D.suitable
10、To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions ________ had used the products.
A.whatever B.whoever C.wherever D.whichever
11、The streets were full of people on May Day _____________ the rainy weather.
A. in case of B. as a consequence of
C. on behalf of D. in spite of
12、______ in her most beautiful skirt, the girl tried to make herself _____ out at the party.
A.Dressed; stand B.Dressing; stand C.Dressed; stood D.Dressing; being stood
13、--- Will you lend me some money?
--- Sorry, mine _______.
A．were used up
B．has run out
C．have run out
D．has run out of
14、He went to bed ______. The next morning he woke up only ______ himself lying on the floor.
A．drinking; to find
B．drunk; to find
C．being drunk; finding
D．to drink; finding
15、She ________ to clean out the spare room last week, but it was much too occupied at that time.
A. had intended B. was intended C. intended D. was intending
16、—Do you think attending training courses is a great help when you look for a new job?
—Well, it all depends. Besides, it gives me ________ a chance to try.
A. more than B. more of
C. less than D. more or less
17、After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ______ for the homeless families.
A.furniture B.accommodation C.occupation D.basement
18、 Kathy told me that all the doors and windows _______ when she arrived this morning.
A.have cleaned B.have been cleaned C.had cleaned D.had been cleaned
19、He________ the wall and just looked at everybody in the room.
A.loaded with B.lined up C.held back D.leaned against
20、The book is a complete introduction ________ all the best Indian films.
A.in B.on C.to D.about
21、I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he______ on it for more than an hour.
A. has been working B. will have worked
C. will have been working D. had worked
22、Can it have been on the playground ________ you lost your watch?
A.that B.on which C.where D.in that
23、— Is it my age ________the boss minds?
—I’m afraid so. He will consider ________ necessary to have an experienced assistant.
A.which；it B.that；it C.which；that D.that；that
24、________ to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I ________ not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
A.If it were left … would B.Should it leave … must
C.Would it be left … should D.Was it left … would
25、— Could you help me take care of my pet dog on the 19th?
— I’m afraid I’m not ____________ that day.
A. vacant B. sufficient C. available D. convenient
26、 Are you smarter than your parents and grandparents? According to James Flynn, a professor at a New Zealand university, you are! Over the course of the last century, people’s IQ test scores have gotten steadily higher --- on average, three points higher each decade. This improvement is known as the “Flynn effect”, and scientists want to know what is behind it.
IQ tests are designed to measure general intelligence rather than knowledge. Flynn believes that intelligence partly comes from our parents and partly is the result of our environment, but the improvement in test scores has been happening too quickly to be explained by heredity. So what has occurred in the 20th century to help people achieve higher scores?
Scientists have proposed several explanations for the Flynn effect. Some suggest that the improved test scores simply reflect an increased exposure to tests in general and the learning of test-taking techniques that help us perform better on any test. Others have pointed to better nutrition. Babies now are born larger, healthier, and with more brain development than in the past. Another suggested explanation is a change in educational styles, with teachers encouraging children to learn by discovering things for themselves rather than just memorizing information, which improves their problem-solving skills.
Flynn has limited the possible explanations after carefully examining test data and discovering that the improvement in scores has taken place in only certain parts of the IQ test. Test-takers are not doing better on the maths or vocabulary sections of the test; they are doing better on the sections requiring reasoning and problem solving. For example, one part of the test shows a set of shapes, and test-takers must find the patterns and connections between them.
According to Flynn, this visual intelligence improves as the amount of technology in our lives increases. Every time you play a computer game, you are exercising exactly the kind of thinking and problem solving that helps you do well on one kind of intelligence test. So are you really smarter than your parents? In one very specific way, you may be.
【1】What is the function of the third paragraph?
A.To list the findings of Professor Flynn’s research.
B.To provide possible explanations that disprove Flynn’s ideas.
C.To outline different theories explaining the increase in IQ scores.
D.To describe how research was carried out in the measuring of intelligence.
【2】According to the passage, newer educational techniques include _________.
A.exposing children to fewer tests
B.giving children clearer teaching instructions
C.getting children to memorize lots of information
D.encouraging children to find out things themselves
【3】The writer believes that computer games _________.
A.have discouraged people from taking exercise
B.have made young people become less intelligent
C.have helped improve people’s visual intelligence
D.have caused young people to have poorer vocabularies
【4】Which statement would Professor Flynn agree with?
A.People today are taking easier tests.
B.People today have fewer problems to solve.
C.Not all aspects of intelligence have increased.
D.The language ability of people has improved.
27、Dear Ben:
I really love reading your column.Your words are always so witty.
Here’s my problem:My boyfriend and I have been together for four years and we have many dreams about the future.Recently my parents and all relatives are urging me to get married and have given me a lot of pressure.
I got totally tired and lost patience and I made a mistake.I wrote a letter to break up with my boyfriend.He just kept silent.After a month,I calmed down and realized I still love him deeply.I’m really regretting what happened.What should I do?Just let it be or do something like apologize?Is it too late?
Elaine
Dear Elaine
I sometimes think that we stare so long at a door that’s closing that it’s too late when we see the one that’s open.After four years together,you might think that a Dear John letter would be met with a little more than indifference,but alas this guy just walked away and gives up without a fight.
I think maybe you need to ask yourself if this guy was really worth the four years you spent with him and if you’re willing to wait another four years for him to make up his mind.A lot of what you’re been feeling now is natural because you’re been together for so long.
Once you know how much time it will take,I think you should use it to see the world of possibilities right there in front of your eyes.You should take these moments to go on some dates with some other people to see whether your ex-boyfriend is truly the man you want to spend the rest of your life with.
The main thing,though,is to use your time apart to get a clear perspective on your relationship and see whether he is or isn’t Mr.Right,or whether the traditional form of marriage is something you ultimately need to be happy together.
Ben
【1】The passage is most probably from______.
A.the Internet B.a newspaper C.a talk show D.an expert’s lecture
【2】The underlined part“Dear John letter”means______.
A.an apology letter
B.a letter which make suggestions
C.an invitation letter
D.a letter to end a relationship with somebody
【3】What is the best title of the passage?
A.Maybe he is silently hurting B.Love him?Apologize to him!
C.Is he worth the four years? D.Secrets of getting along with him
28、 Have you ever had someone tell you, “If you eat before bed, you're going to get fat” 【1】 But is eating late at night, specifically after 8 p.m., really going to make you gain weight?
One theory is that your metabolism(新陈代谢)slows down when you're asleep. With a slower metabolism, fewer calories are being burned. Thus the calories you eat right before bed would not be bumped off as much as they would be while you're awake. Although the science seems pretty sound, recent studies have shown that metabolism changes very little while you are asleep. The heart is still beating, lungs are still working, and the brain is still very active. 【2】 So while we are asleep, we are still burning calories.
【3】 Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)are one of your body's main sources of energy. When they go unused, they are stored primarily as fat. However, the time of day that carbohydrates are consumed does not play a role as to how much of it is stored as fat.
Actually, weight gain is based on the amount of calories being consumed overall and the amount of calories used overall. 【4】 It has little to do with the time when you eat. So how come individuals have higher BMIs when they snack' at night? Although there is a relation between the two, it is simply a result of eating too many calories!
Snacks that individuals tend to eat during the night are usually high in sugar and calories, such as ice cream, candy, potato chips, and soft drinks. The time these snacks are consumed does not matter.【5】.
A.All of these actions take energy.
B.That is to say, you will not get fat if you eat before bed.
C.Anyone eating anytime after the morning will become fat.
D.Food consumed late at night will more likely be stored away.
E.Without ever questioning it, people quickly assume this to be true.
F.Simply speaking, if you eat more calories than you burn, you will gain weight.
G.There's another theory about eating specifically carbohydrates before bed.
29、Tuesday Talks
Tuesday, Dec. 8, 2020, 16:00-16:30
Tuesday Talks is a talk about finding your career in the outdoor recreation industry with Hailey Doss Hester.
Join us for Tuesday Talks as we sit down with industry professionals and leaders in this outdoor focused conversation series. Our goal is to introduce you to influential individuals through genuine conversations on Instagram Live. We will touch on diversity in the outdoors, current trends, and much more!
Location: Instagram Live
Outdoor Clinic
Wednesday, Sept. 30, 2020, 12:00-12:30
Come and explore nature in the Sierras. Learn about the plants that you might see while on a trip to Tahoe or Yosemite. Improve your knowledge and impress your friends by learning about the natural environment around you in our local mountain range.
If you need accommodations, please email peakinfo@ csus. edu.
Location: Virtual — ZOOM
Green Team
Monday, Nov. 30, 2020, 14:00-15:00
The Sacramento State Green Team aims to make Sacramento State a sustainable campus through education, promotion and performance of sustainable efforts. They advise and work with the University on source reduction, recycling and other sustainable practices while also providing educational programs for students, staf and the community.
Location: Instagram Live
Explore Utah
Thursday, Oct 22, 2020, 16:00-16:30
Do you want to travel to one of the five National Parks in Utah? Join us as we will take you on a virtual hike through the beautiful Bryce Canyon National park! There are many colorful and unique rock formations that shape the canyon, making it one-of-a-kind experience. The virtual trip will take you through what is known as the amphitheater (圆形剧场), starting at the sunset trail head and ending at the sunrise trail head. There is no other place like Bryce Canyon, no hiking shoes required!
Location: Virtual — ZOOM
【1】What is the focus of Tuesday Talks?
A．Taking part in professional outdoor activities.
B．Breaking into the outdoor recreation industry.
C．Knowing the developing trend of modern industry.
D．Learning about the diversity of species outdoors.
【2】Who will get interested in The Sacramento State Green Team?
A．Plant experts.
B．Adventurers.
C．Outdoor clinic lovers.
D．Environmentalists.
【3】What is the uniqueness of Bryce Canyon?
A．The beautiful rising sun.
B．The depth of the valley.
C．Distinctive stone shapes.
D．Natural places for species.
30、 Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on full scholarship. But just before junior year, Greenberg's_________ changed. One day his vision "steamed up" and later he was diagnosed with glaucoma(青光眼). Then doctors operated on Greenberg's eyes._________, the surgery didn't work. Greenberg was going blind. He was so_________ that he refused to see anyone.
As Greenberg' s best friend, Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia and_________ to be his reader. Arthur read _________ to him every day, taking time out from his own study, and Greenberg_________ scoring straight A's. Still, he was tentative about getting around alone and relied on his friend.
Then, one afternoon, Greenberg and Arthur went to Midtown Manhattan. When it was time to go back to campus, Arthur said he couldn’t _________ him because of an appointment. Greenberg_________. They argued, and Arthur walked off, leaving Greenberg alone in Grand Central Terminal.
Greenberg, who was completely_________, stumbled(蹒珊) through the rush-hour crowd. He took a shuttle train west to Times Square, and then transferred to an uptown train. Four miles later, he __________ at the Columbia University stop.
At the university's gates, someone knocked into him. "Oops, excuse me, sir." Greenberg__________ the voice. It was Arthur's, Greenberg's first reaction was __________, but in the next second, he realized what he had just__________ —and realized, too who had made it possible. __________, Arthur had been with him the whole way, using one of the most brilliant strategies.
Blindness doesn't make Greenberg fail to appreciate the__________ of life. He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.
【1】A.faith B.attitude C.fortune D.reputation
【2】A.Otherwise B.Moreover C.Therefore D.However
【3】A.shy B.desperate C.selfish D.nervous
【4】A.offered B.pretended C.happened D.learned
【5】A.letters B.newspapers C.textbooks D.magazines
【6】A.ended up B.carried on C.imagined D.considered
【7】A.abandon B.rescue C.comfort D.accompany
【8】A.compromised B.panicked C.explained D.apologized
【9】A.tired B.amused C.confused D.satisfied
【10】A.got off B.pulled over C.looked around D.ran away
【11】A.raised B.lost C.controlled D.recognized
【12】A.anger B.pleasure C.relief D.sorrow
【13】A.missed B.questioned C.ignored D.achieved
【14】A.Gradually B.Finally C.Obviously D.Strangely
【15】A.magic B.beauty C.wisdom D.truth
31、 I was just starting my copywriting internship(实习) at Wunderman. I was filled with ______ about doing new things in my life and reaching new levels of personal growth. _______, it was then that I realized I wasn't good at making friends and that the ______ of making new friends could kill my creativity and humanity. I wanted to _______my communication skills, but I didn't know how. Then, I _______it would take only one simple "hello". A simple hello could lead to a million things, right? I believed that if I started this_______ process of making people my friends, I would never _______.
On the same day, I decided that it was time for ______ . I decided that I would say hello to the first person that I would make eye contact with. So, while I was reading a book during my lunch break, I_______ a person in a cafe, and he was alone. At that time, I ______ this was the perfect moment to say hello. This was my time to ______ . This was my moment to prove myself wrong and defeat all my negative impressions of ______ and have the courage to grow as a(n) ______ .
It wasn't _______at all. It took only one simple hello to create new chances for me. As a matter of fact, the person that I started ______ appeared to be an intern in the same company as me! How ______ is that! Basically, we started to talk about everything — our dreams, goals, values, our future, how we got into the ______ company, and so on — it was a never-ending journey of right ______ .
It's almost been a month since we became friends. Deep inside I feel like the whole world is on my side. We are ______ each other in everything we do. You see, friendships can be complex but it's worth the ______ . Friendships require a combination of trust, respect, courage and support.
【1】A.pain B.doubt C.pride D.excitement
【2】A.So B.However C.Besides D.Instead
【3】A.fear B.joy C.hope D.waste
【4】A.give up B.work on C.show off D.put down
【5】A.realized B.agreed C.imagined D.promised
【6】A.creative B.old C.slow D.wonderful
【7】A.stay B.forget C.stop D.accept
【8】A.change B.practice C.preparation D.discussion
【9】A.kept B.saw C.left D.minded
【10】A.explained B.understood C.thought D.expected
【11】A.choose B.succeed C.go D.shine
【12】A.strangers B.relatives C.friends D.workmates
【13】A.artist B.person C.writer D.leader
【14】A.bad B.new C.funny D.secret
【15】A.worrying about B.caring for C.talking to D.depending on
【16】A.strange B.cool C.important D.different
【17】A.best B.largest C.same D.right
【18】A.conversations B.stories C.dreams D.introductions
【19】A.treating B.calling C.knowing D.supporting
【20】A.price B.risk C.try D.time
32、Last May I went to a lake with my family. I thought it would be a normal fun day of swimming, but I was_______.
My brothers and my uncle were with me in a shallow swimming area with a net and a_______. The rest of my family ate lunch on a nearby bench. I felt very _________.
I was sitting in the shallow water with my feet facing the deeper end, when something hit my_______. I knew it was an alligator (短吻鳄) as soon as it bit me. Its teeth were so_______! I started crying out loud for_______, but my family didn’t hear me. I started to _______the nine-foot-long alligator and then I________something I learned at an alligator education park: The _______is the weakest part of an alligator! I stuck my fingers up its nose, and it _______of me.
I tried to get out of the water, but I couldn’t get up because my leg was_______. My uncle held me and________me out of the water. It was the lifeguard’s first day of_______, and he was shaking while he looked at my leg. We were also_______! I was sent to________and got fourteen stitches (缝针) in my left leg.
I have a big scar (伤疤) that makes me think about how________I was that day. But I also remember how brave I was in that moment. I________so fast – I had to! It’s not like the alligator was going to give me two minutes to________like in a chess match. I had to be a(n)________thinker. Sometimes you’re in a situation where________else can help you and you have to think fast and help yourself. That’s what I did.
【1】
A．foolish
B．wrong
C．confused
D．surprised
【2】
A．lifeguard
B．trainer
C．doctor
D．volunteer
【3】
A．amazed
B．uncomfortable
C．safe
D．nervous
【4】
A．leg
B．head
C．shoulder
D．arm
【5】
A．straight
B．big
C．white
D．sharp
【6】
A．action
B．solution
C．change
D．help
【7】
A．push
B．drag
C．hit
D．touch
【8】
A．noticed
B．remembered
C．imagined
D．understood
【9】
A．nose
B．mouth
C．head
D．back
【10】
A．took notice
B．made fun
C．let go
D．got hold
【11】
A．weak
B．tired
C．hurt
D．short
【12】
A．carried
B．led
C．drove
D．kept
【13】
A．competition
B．class
C．training
D．work
【14】
A．sighing
B．crying
C．shouting
D．shaking
【15】
A．prison
B．hospital
C．school
D．police
【16】
A．careless
B．scared
C．angry
D．stupid
【17】
A．swam
B．reacted
C．returned
D．escaped
【18】
A．worry
B．study
C．hesitate
D．think
【19】
A．original
B．independent
C．quick
D．free
【20】
A．anybody
B．nobody
C．somebody
D．everybody
33、Crowdfunding (众筹) campaigns to help people with cancer pay for ineffective alternative treatments are becoming more common. They often come with six-figure targets to meet the cost of debatable therapies. ________, headlines are almost guaranteed.
The BMJ (British Medical Journal) reports ________ over this, based on information I gathered working for the charity Good Thinking. By sorting fundraising sites like JustGiving and GoFundMe, I identified appeals from people in the UK who sought money for unproven or disproven treatments, finding 400 in the past three years. Those have raised £7 million, the money destined for ________clinics.
Although the treatments, such as extreme diets, aren’t backed by scientific evidence, people who are desperate and vulnerable are often ________by remarkable testimonials(证明书) provided by the clinics themselves. However, for those who see such stories in the media, and who care about following good scientific evidence, the natural reaction is to try to ________people from possible physical, emotional and financial harm.
________ these appeals isn’t easy. People with cancer often view these therapies as ________, and their supporters don’t want to consider that their efforts to help may cause harm.
However, journalists must review the role they play in promoting the ________. Their influence is powerful. As I sorted through appeals and the heartbreaking stories of desperately ill people, I was ________ by just how many cited success stories they had read in newspapers as their reason for trusting questionable treatments.
Most concerning of all were the frequent cases where someone had died—sometimes just months after eye-catching ________of their treatment. While the uplifting story of a community helping fund someone’s “cure” is attractive, the subsequent reality when that hope proves fruitless seems far less ________.
This leaves the public with a ________ view of the effectiveness of such treatments, and serves as an advertising tool for clinics which, under UK law, wouldn’t be able to directly promote their therapies.
If journalists wish to avoid promoting ineffective treatments, they would do well to view such stories not just as human-interest ones, but as ________ and health stories. This means ________the evidence behind treatments, seeking expert opinion on their efficacy, and choosing not to run stories that fail such a careful examination.
I’m certain no journalist would want their work to be used as a recruitment tool for therapists whose treatments offer nothing but heartbreak and false hope, yet until reports of miraculous cancer cures in questionable clinics are approached with an appropriate level of skepticism(怀疑), I fear such places will continue to ________.
【1】
A．On the other hand
B．In addition
C．By contrast
D．As a result
【2】
A．attitudes
B．stands
C．concerns
D．prospects
【3】
A．private
B．foreign
C．local
D．illegal
【4】
A．tempted
B．questioned
C．awakened
D．frightened
【5】
A．prohibit
B．protect
C．discourage
D．distract
【6】
A．Launching
B．Issuing
C．Questioning
D．Considering
【7】
A．reference
B．interference
C．hope
D．implication
【8】
A．appeals
B．awareness
C．resources
D．sales
【9】
A．persuaded
B．alarmed
C．moved
D．encouraged
【10】
A．coverage
B．details
C．timing
D．course
【11】
A．newsworthy
B．time-worthy
C．effort-worthy
D．praise-worthy
【12】
A．general
B．moderate
C．extreme
D．twisted
【13】
A．survival
B．nutrition
C．science
D．emotion
【14】
A．classifying
B．examining
C．revising
D．enriching
【15】
A．contract
B．decay
C．bother
D．flourish
34、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Everyone has their own unique fingerprint; 【1】 makes fingerprints an ideal way to unlock smartphones. However, this may be 【2】 (safe) than we think.
Scientists at New York University and Michigan State University in the US have developed a set of fake fingerprints. They say that the prints 【3】 unlock any fingerprint-enabled smartphone up to 65 percent of the time.
The artificial fingerprints 【4】 (create) by using many common features found in human prints. They work 【5】 taking advantage of the way smartphone scanners check a fingerprint.
The fingerprint scanners 【6】 (use) in smartphones are so small that they only read parts of fingerprints. So they have to take many scans of your finger or thumb (拇指) 【7】 they work properly. Smartphones also let users save several finger and thumbprints. Since a print only has to match one of the saved images 【8】 (unlock) the phone, the scanner is more likely to make mistakes.
Although the scientists have only tested their findings in computer simulations (模拟), 【9】 (worry) about the safety of using fingerprints are reasonable .They warn that the technology used to create artificial fingerprints is improving 【10】 (extreme) fast.
35、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
On a broiling afternoon when the men were away at work and all the women napped, I moved through majestic depths of silences, silences so immense I could hear the corn 【1】. Under these silences there was a / an orchestra of natural music playing notes no city child would ever hear. A certain cackle from the henhouse meant we had gained an egg. The creak of a porch swing told of a momentary breeze blowing across my grandmother’s yard. As I 【2】 along a mossy bank to surprise a frog, a 【3】splash told me the quarry had spotted me and slipped into the stream. Wandering among the sleeping houses, I learned that tin roofs crackle under the power of the sun, and when I tired and came back to my grandmother’s house, I padded into her dark cool living room, lay 【4】 on the floor, and listened to the hypnotic beat of her pendulum clock on the wall ticking the meaningless hours away.
I was enjoying the luxuries of a rustic nineteenth-century boyhood, but for the women Morrisonville life had few 【5】. Their lives were hard, endless, dirty labor.
For baths, laundry, and dishwashing, they hauled buckets of water from a spring at the foot of a hill. To heat it, they chopped kindling to fire their wood stoves. They boiled laundry in tubs, scrubbed it on washboards until knuckles were 【6】, and wrung it out by hand. Ironing was a business of lifting heavy metal weights heated on the stove top.
They scrubbed floors on hands and knees, thrashed rugs with carpet beaters, killed and plucked their own chickens, baked bread and parties, grew and conned their won vegetables, patched the family’s clothing on treadle-operated sewing machines, 【7】before the men to start the stove for breakfast and pack lunch pails, polished the chimneys of kerosene lamps, and even found time to tend the flowers that grew around every house. By the end of a summer day a Morrisonville woman had toiled like a serf.
At sundown the men drifted back from the fields exhausted and 【8】. They scrubbed themselves in enamel basins and, when supper was eaten, climbed up onto the porch to watch the night arrive. Presently the women 【9】 them, and the twilight music of Morrisonville began.
The swing creaking , rocking chairs 【10】 on the porch planks, voices murmuring approval of the sagacity of Uncle Irvey as he quietly observed for probably the ten-thousandth time in his life, “A man works from sun to sun, but a woman’s work is never done.”
36、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?
Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.
In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.
When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.
Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.
Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.
That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.
And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.
But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.
Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.
Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.
In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.
37、课文填空
The Sundance Film Festival 【1】 boycotts all Hollywood films, and we don’t foresee ever including them. The initial idea for our festival was 【2】 back in l978. when it was known as the Utah/US Film Festival. However, it was not well known until 1981. It was then that Robert Redford became its 【3】 and changed the focus to independent films, often made on very modest 【4】 It was given its new name-the Sundance Film Festival-in 1991. Redford has acted in and directed many big Hollywood films, but wanted to 【5】 the public to films made outside of the Hollywood system
38、请你根据下面的提示以李华的名义给母校写一封信，介绍你的美国之行。
1.李华是上海某中学高二的学生，对美国中学生的学习生活非常感兴趣，在暑假期间到美国学习了一个月。
2.到餐馆打工，培养动手的能力。
3.访问了在美国的华人，了解他们的生活、工作情况。
4.到美国中学生家里做客，了解他们的生活习俗。
5.到美国中学教室里听课，了解他们上课的情况。
参考词汇:了解风俗习惯：acknowledge one’s customs
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39、假设你是李华，某中学学生杂志英语习作专栏正在开展主题为“Why should we learn English?”的征文活动。请你根据所给要点写一篇征文稿。
1）提高学习语言的能力；2）有助于了解异国文化；3）能够结识更多的朋友。
Why should we learn English?
English is an international language，so it is
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40、假设你是李华，你喜爱的英语学习报 Colorful English 创刊五周年之际征集读者意见，请你根据以下内容给主编写封信,主要包括：
1. 说明你是该报的忠实读者
2. 说明该报优点：1）刊登国际新闻 2）提供音频二维码
3. 提出建议：增加外国文学欣赏
注意： 1. 词数80左右。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 参考词汇： 周年 anniversary 二维码 QR code
Dear Editor-in-Chief,
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Yours
LiHua
41、阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
An urgent call came into Jim Green’s bar this past March. A newly married woman who had spent the afternoon at the beach bar, couldn’t find her wallet. She didn’t care about her ID, credit cards, or $150 in cash — but her wedding ring was inside.
Jim, 42, didn’t like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place. So he set out to find the wallet. He spent hours checking the video tapes from 16 different surveillance cameras（监控摄像机）, watching the woman’s every step in the bar until she went to sit on a bench outside and left when her ride arrived. Within minutes, a young man approached the bench, quickly put something in his pocket, and walked off. Jim posted a clip on the bar’s Facebook page. “I just asked if anybody knew who the guy was,” Jim said.
Within hours, Jim got a text from 17-year-old Peter. Peter admitted to having taken the wallet and told Jim he’d done it because he hadn’t eaten in two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet off the public docks into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich.
Jim, unsure whether he believed Peter, told the teen to meet him at the docks. There, they got to talking, and Peter revealed that he wasn’t getting along with his family and had been living in the woods for a week. Jim, a father of two, looked closely at Peter — his small height, his ruddy cheeks — and saw him for what he was: more of a kid than a criminal.
But the risks were high. The police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Peter could be facing a serious crime charge. “I had to help him somehow,” Jim says.
The police wanted Jim to bring the teen down to the station. Instead, Jim called the police and told them, “He’s going to be at the docks with me tomorrow.”
Paragraph 1
Jim hired two local divers to search the waters where Peter had thrown the wallet.
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Paragraph 2
And then a diver popped up.
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